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General elections were held in Italy on Sunday 18 April 1948 to elect the First Republican Parliament.〔Nohlen, D & Stöver, P (2010) ''Elections in Europe: A data handbook'', p1048 ISBN 978-3-8329-5609-7〕 They were heavily influenced by the Cold War confrontation between the Soviet Union and the United States. After the communist coup in Czechoslovakia in February 1948, the US became alarmed about Soviet intentions and feared that, if the leftist coalition were to win the elections, the communist Left would draw Italy into the Soviet Union's sphere of influence. As the last month of the election campaign began, the magazine ''Time'' pronounced the possible leftist victory to be "the brink of catastrophe".〔(Fateful Day ), Time Magazine, March 22, 1948〕 The elections were eventually won with a comfortable margin by the Christian Democracy party ((イタリア語:Democrazia Cristiana), DC) that defeated the left-wing coalition of the Popular Democratic Front ((イタリア語:Fronte Democratico Popolare per la libertà, la pace, il lavoro), FDP) that comprised the Italian Communist Party ((イタリア語:Partito Comunista Italiano), PCI) and the Italian Socialist Party ((イタリア語:Partito Socialista Italiano), PSI). The Christian Democrats went on to form a government without the Communists, who had been in government from June 1944, when the first post-war government was formed, until May 1947. ==Electoral system== The pure party-list proportional representation chosen two years before for the election of the Constituent Assembly, was definitely adopted for the Chamber of Deputies. Italian provinces were divided into 31 constituencies, each electing a group of candidates.〔The number of seats for each constituency went from 1 for Aosta Valley to 36 for Milan.〕 In each constituency, seats were divided between open lists using the largest remainder method with the Imperiali quota. Remaining votes and seats transferred to the national level, where special closed lists of national leaders received the last seats using the Hare quota. For the Senate, 237 single-seat constituencies were created. The candidates needed a two-thirds majority to be elected, but only 15 aspiring senators were elected this way. All remaining votes and seats were grouped in party lists and regional constituencies, where the D'Hondt method was used: Inside the lists, candidates with the best percentages were elected. This electoral system became standard in Italy, and was used until 1993. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Italian general election, 1948」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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